The Armenians in the Province of Nicomedia

CONTENTS

Dedications Page iii
Summary Contents Page v
Translator’s Note Page ix
Acknowledgements Page xiv
A Note on Weights and Measures Etc. Page xiv
Map Page xvii
The Armenians in the Province of Nicomedia Page 1
Review: "A Work Worthy of Emulation” by "Adom” Page 3
Preface Page 5
Part I
Chapter 1 The Reasons for the Beginning of the Armenian Migration to Western Asia Minor Page 9
Chapter 2 The State of the Areas of Migrant Settlement Prior to the Establishment of the Armenian Communities Page 15
Chapter 3 The Geography of the Sanjak (County) of Izmit Page 17
Chapter 4 The Foundation of Nicomedia’s  Armenian Communities and their Development Page 21
Chapter 4a Mother Towns or Villages Page 21
Chapter 4b An Important Record Concerning the Origin of the Armenian Migrants of the Adabazar Area and My Observations Page 45
Chapter 4c New-Born Towns or Villages Page 47
Chapter 5 New Communities Being Organised Page 53
Chapter 6 Unsuccessful Communities Page 57
Chapter 7 The Latest Migration: "Laz Armenians” Page 59
Chapter 8 Preservation of Armenian Identity in the Diocese and the Community’s Organisation Page 77
Chapter 9 Armash as the Diocesan Seat Page 81
Chapter 10 Armenian Religious Denominations and their Origins Page 93
Part II
Chapter 11 The Hamid Regime’s Political Influence on the Province’s Armenian Population Page 107
Chapter 12 Forced Land Appropriation Page 113
Chapter 13 Economic Life Page 127
Chapter 14 Health and Population Page 155
Chapter 14a Health Page 155
Chapter 14b Population Statistics Page 163
Chapter 15 People with Physical and Mental Problems; Converts to Islam; Assimilated Foreigners Page 181
Chapter 16 Censuses of the Armenian Population of the Sanjak (County) and Diocese Page 185
Chapter 17 Education Page 195
Chapter 18 Cemeteries Page 219
Chapter 19 Journalistic Life in the Province of Nicomedia Page 223
Appendix
Biography: Minas Kasabian (Farhad, Minas Veradzin) Page 229
Biography: Bishop Stepannos Hovagimian Page 231
Index Page 243
Bibliography Page 259

Tables
A Note on Weights and Measures Etc. Table 1: Comparative Weights Page xv
Chapter 1, Table 1: Summary and Conclusion Page 13
Chapter 3, Table 1: Minor Administrative Groupings Page 18
Chapter 7, Table 1: Part 1 The Armenian Towns and Villages of the Diocese of Nicomedia in their Final Division Order, Arranged to Suit this Study Page 72
Chapter 7, Table 1: Part 2 The Armenian Towns and Villages of the Diocese of Nicomedia in their Final Division Order, Arranged to Suit this Study Page 75
Chapter 9, Table 1: Electoral Seats Page 89
Chapter 9, Table 2: Diocesan Costs Page 90
Chapter 9, Table 3: Village Debts Page 91
Chapter 9, Table 4: Taxes Payable to the Diocese Page 91
Chapter 11, Table 1: A List of Mass Murders and Specific Killings Between 1895 and 1908 Page 111
Chapter 12, Table 1: Land Taken Illegally from Armenian Villages Page 124
Chapter 13, Table 1: A Table of Animal Husbandry and Important Crops Produced by Most of the Region’s Villages in 1910-1911 Page 131
Chapter 13, Table 2: Silk Spinning Factories and Staffing Page 137
Chapter 13, Table 3: Silk Spinning Factories in Chengiler Page 138
Chapter 13, Table 4: A Statistical Picture of the Factories in the Nicomedia Area: Factories and Workers, Etc. Etc Page 140
Chapter 13, Table 5: Closed Factories Page 143
Chapter 13, Table 6: Taxes Levied on Armenian Villages and Towns Page 153
Chapter 14a, Table 1: Doctors Practicing in the Nicomedia Area in 1910-1912 Page 161
Chapter 14a, Table 2: Pharmacies in the Nicomedia Area Page 161
Chapter 14a, Table 3: Doctor’s Fees in the Nicomedia Area Page 162
Chapter 14b, Table 1: Births, Deaths and Marriages in Descending Order for the Years 1892-1909 Page 165
Chapter 14b, Table 2: Birth Rate over an 11-Year Period in Ascending Order 1899-1909 Page 166
Chapter 14b, Table 3: Percentage Increase from 1899 to 1909 in Order Page 166
Chapter 14b, Table 4a: Births 1899-1909 Page 168
Chapter 14b, Table 4b: Deaths 1899-1909 Page 171
Chapter 14b, Table 4c: Marriages 1899-1909 Page 174
Chapter 14b, Table 5: Adabazar – Births, Deaths and Marriages 1899-1909 Page 176
Chapter 14b, Table 6: Birth and Death Statistics for Michakiugh Page 178
Chapter 14b, Table 7: Birth and Death Statistics for Chengiler Page 178
Chapter 14b, Table 8: Birth and Death Statistics for Keramet Page 178
Chapter 15, Table 1: Composite Table of the Sick, Those Converting to Islam and Those Assimilated into the Armenian Community Page 182
Chapter 16, Table 1: My Personal Census of The Region Page 186
Chapter 16, Table 2: The Oldest Censuses Taken by the Prelacy of Nicomedia Page 187
Chapter 16, Table 3: Censuses Submitted to the Nicomedia Prelacy In 1902 Page 188
Chapter 16, Table 4: My Personal Census of the Armenian Population of the Province and Diocese of Nicomedia with all its Religious Divisions Page 190
Chapter 17, Table 1: A Picture of the Four Diocesan Village Schools Page 200
Chapter 17, Table 2: A Summary of Schools, Pupils and Teacher-Officials Page 202
Chapter 17, Table 3: Armenian Apostolic Schools Etc. in the Diocese 1909-1911 Page 203
Chapter 17, Table 4: Comparative Listing of Schools Page 207
Chapter 17, Table 5: Other Denominational Schools Page 210
Chapter 17, Table 6: Community and Special Kindergartens and Government Schools 1910-1911 Page 211
Appendix, Table 1: Table of Ordinations of Priests in the Nicomedia Area by Bishop Stepannos Hovagimian until the end of March 1915 by Surname Page 234